Makenga sultani biography of michael
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DR Congo: US sanctions M23 rebel leader Sultani Makenga
"Sultani Makenga has committed and is responsible for serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction, and forced displacement," a statement from the UN sanctions committee on DR Congo said, external.
"According to testimonies and reports, the militants operating under the command of Sultani Makenga have conducted rapes throughout Rutshuru territory against women and children, some of whom have been as young as eight years old, as part of a policy to consolidate control."
Rwanda has denied allegations in a leaked report by a UN panel of experts that M23 leaders received "direct military orders" from Rwanda's defence ministry.
Kigali is widely seen as having backed armed groups in the east of DR Congo as a way to fight Hutu rebels who fled there after the 1994 genocide.
It has been accused of using militias as proxies in an on-going battle for the region, which is rich in minerals.
The same leaked UN report has also infuriated Kampala after accusing it of arming the Congolese rebels.
It has threatened to withdraw Ugandan forces from UN-backed internationa
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How gather together Strategic Conjecture Provide Insights into picture M23 sit the Broader Instability amuse Eastern DRC?
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National Congress for the Defence of the People
Congolese rebel group
The National Congress for the Defence of the People (French: Congrès national pour la défense du peuple, CNDP) was a rebel group established by Laurent Nkunda in the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in December 2006. The CNDP was engaged in the Kivu conflict, an armed conflict against the Congolese military. In January 2009, the CNDP split and Nkunda was arrested by the Rwanda government, and its splinter faction, led by Bosco Ntaganda, was planned to be integrated into the national army.
History
[edit]Background
[edit]Since 1998, General Laurent Nkunda had been a senior officer in the Rwandan-backed Congolese Rally for Democracy (Goma faction) rebel group. After the 2003 Sun City Agreement ended the Second Congo War and demobilized rebel groups, Nkunda rallied fellow RCD leaders into a new political organization, Synergy for Peace and Harmony (French: Synergie pour la paix et la concorde). As part of the peace process, rebels were to be integrated into the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nkunda refused to join, citing fears for the safety of the local Tutsi community and fearing arrest for war crimes.
Early Conflicts
[edit]After the arrest